Dextran sulfate sodium salt, colitis grade (36,000 - 50,000)

A: Yes, generally 2 days cause epithelial barrier destruction, you can observe it on Day 3, Day 5, Day7; A pathological examination is suggested to perform.

A: The daily water intake value is: for mice is 7~10ml/day, and for rats is 11ml/100g body weight/day.

A: There are other models, but each model serves a different purpose. DSS can induce intestinal cancer itself, but the induction time is long. References: Nature Protocols; 2007, 2 (8): 1998-2004.

A: DSS is a dextran polymer with average molecular weight. There is a difference in molecular weight between batches, and molecular weight has an influence on enteritis modeling. In general, DSS batches are relatively stable, but there are some large batch differences in some batches. Therefore, it is suggested that customers purchase enough quantity products of the same batch according to their own experimental requirements or conduct pre-experiments before changing batches.

A:It is normal for some animals to have a slow reaction time and even lose weight on the fifth day after drinking DSS. If no symptoms appear for 7 days, the experiment is repeated and the drinking concentration of DSS is suggested to increase by 0.5~1%.

A: There are many factors affecting DSS modeling, among which the breeding environment of animals also has a great influence.

A: Excessive drinking concentration of DSS will lead to intestinal bleeding. Mild intestinal bleeding has no significant effect. Excessive bleeding is suggested to reduce the concentration of DSS.

A: Only when drinking DSS reach a certain threshold can it successfully induce enteritis. If the threshold is not reached, weight loss can occur, but the pathology shows no inflammation.

A: DSS is tolerated by animals over a period of time, so symptoms decrease to normal during the second cycle.

A: Spermine can remove the inhibition of PCR by DSS. References: Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2018 Jan, 144:1-7.

A: Give 2% of DSS solution to the stomach at 10:00 a.m., 14:00 p.m. and 18:00 p.m. respectively every day, 30ml/kg each time, no additional drinking water. Full amount of mixed formula granule feed was given after the last gavage every day, and the feed was taken away at 8:00 a.m. the next day. The modeling cycle time is 9 days. References: A comparative study of dextran sodium sulfate free drinking and quantitative gavage induced acute colitis model in mice, gastroenterology 2009,14 (1), 27-30.

A: There is a difference, C57 background is pure, induced enteritis is more stable. When using Babl/ C mice, preliminary experiments are suggested.

A: TNBS: Long course of inflammation. Large individual differences. Low similarity with ulcerative colitis.

A: : It is recommended to replace with new dss solation every 1-2 day. The cycle time of acute modeling is 5~7 days.

A: DSS concentration of 2~5% is the result that we summarized according to the previous literatures. We found that the concentrations of researchers within in this range.

A: Yes, reference: YAP triggers the Wnt/ -catenin signaling pathway and prime enterocyte self-renewal, regeneration and tumorigenesis after DSS-induced injury. Cell death and Disease, 2018(9):153.

A: The threshold of 30mg/g is the total intake rather than the daily intake. The formula is, Total drinking volume (ml) X [DSS (g)/100 ml])/Initial body weight (g).

A: It may be due to intestinal residual DSS, which inhibit the downstream experiment. Spermine is suggested for DSS removal. In addition, it may also be caused by inhibitors contained in feces, so the template concentration is suggested to be diluted before PCR. If dilution works, it is suggested to optimize the extraction procedure of fecal DNA and remove too inhibitors first.

A: Other functions of DSS: anticoagulation, lowering blood lipid, anti-virus, inhibiting effect on some enzymes, improving nucleic acid hybridization and cosmetic additives.

A: It is recommended to take 1~2cm near the anal segment.

A: References: Gastroenterology, 2002, 123(1):256-270; J Immunol, 2004, 172(9): 5664-5675; Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2013, 22(12): 1221-1224; Inflammatory.

A: The expression of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-interferon, IL-10 and IL-12 increased on the first day of DSS solution administration and gradually increased with the time of administration. The expression of IL-and IL-mrna was increased in acute DSS colitis model. Th2-cell-mediated cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 also play an important role in the chronic DSS colitis model.

A: Literature suggests that mice weight should be not less than 16~18g, and the mice should be selected according to week age. 8~12 weeks is recommended, and the weight is about 22g.

A: Body weight and DAI index are not related to the intake threshold, which means the blood in the feces is not synchronized with the pathology.

A: Please check whether there is no significant difference in the amount of water the animals drink each day, and check all animals have repeated weight or some animals only. It has to do with individual differences in animals.