Dextran sulfate sodium salt, or DSS, is a synthetic sulfated branched polysaccharide derivative of dextran that has multiple uses in biomedical and clinical research (see table below). One important property of DSS is to triggers colitis in mice and rats when administered in drinking water. DSS binds to medium-chain-length fatty acids in the colon and induces intestinal inflammation. MP Premium Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (MW = 36,000–50,000) from MP Biomedicals is one of the most widely used product based on peer reviewed scientific publications. Over the past 15 years 3,000+ scientific publications have cited the use of our DSS.
Application Notes
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is one of the most common and effective compounds used for inducing ulcerative colitis in animals. The DSS colitis model has also been used extensively to study colon cancer developing in relation to colonic inflammation, such as that occurring in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.
MP Biomedicals offers the gold standard of colitis model creation reagents - colitis grade dextran sulfate sodium salt (36,000-50,000) and colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM).
Because of its high efficacy, MP Biomedical DSS is one of the most widely used DSS products in the scientific literature. Over the past 19 years more than 10,000 scientific publications have cited the use of MP Biomedicals’ DSS products and reported successful animal model establishment.
Usage Statement
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use. For more information, please contact our customer service department.
Key Applications
Acute/ Chronic Ulcerative Colitis Model Induction, Chronic Colitis Associated Colon Cancer Model Induction
Specifications
SKU
02160110-CF
Alternate Names
DSS, Dextran Sodium Sulfate
Application Notes
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) is one of the most common and effective compounds used for inducing ulcerative colitis in animals. The DSS colitis model has also been used extensively to study colon cancer developing in relation to colonic inflammation, such as that occurring in patients with long-standing ulcerative colitis.
MP Biomedicals offers the gold standard of colitis model creation reagents - colitis grade dextran sulfate sodium salt (36,000-50,000) and colonic carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM).
Because of its high efficacy, MP Biomedical DSS is one of the most widely used DSS products in the scientific literature. Over the past 19 years more than 10,000 scientific publications have cited the use of MP Biomedicals’ DSS products and reported successful animal model establishment.
Base Catalog Number
160110
Boiling Point
310 ° C
CAS #
9011-18-1
Grade
Colitis Grade
Melting Point
92 ° C
Molecular Weight
36,000 - 50,000 Da
Personal Protective Equipment
Eyeshields, Gloves, respirator filter
pH
(1% aqueous solution) 5-7.11
References
Kinchen, J. Structural Remodeling of the Human Colonic Mesenchyme in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cell. 2018, 175, 372-386.
Mahalhal , A. Oral iron exacerbates colitis and influences the intestinal microbiome, PLOS ONE. 2018, 13, e0202460.
Dokoshi, T. Hyaluronidase inhibits reactive adipogenesis and inflammation of colon and skin. JCI Insight. 2018, 3, e12307.
Zhu, H. RNA virus receptor Rig-I monitors gut microbiota and inhibits colitis-associated colorectal cancer. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 2017, 36, 2.
Monticelli, L. IL-33 promotes an innate immune pathway of intestinal tissue protection dependent on amphiregulin–EGFR interactions. PNAS. 2015, 112, 10762-10767.
RTECS Number
HH9290000
Solubility
100 mg/mL (decreases with increasing of MW)
Usage Statement
Unless specified otherwise, MP Biomedical's products are for research or further manufacturing use only, not for direct human use. For more information, please contact our customer service department.
Vapor Pressure
2.6 x 10-4 mm Hg at 25 ° C (Estimated)
Frequently Asked Questions
Q: Can tests be conducted at different time points during DSS modeling to observe the time when the epithelial barrier will be damaged in the early stage of DSS drinking?
A: Yes, generally 2 days cause epithelial barrier destruction, you can observe it on Day 3, Day 5, Day7; A pathological examination is suggested to perform.
Q: How much water do mice and rats drink every day?
A: The daily water intake value is: for mice is 7~10ml/day, and for rats is 11ml/100g body weight/day.
Q: Literature reports on the length of modeling time for AOM/DSS models are not consistent. Are there other models of bowel cancer, like induced by DSS alone?
A: There are other models, but each model serves a different purpose. DSS can induce intestinal cancer itself, but the induction time is long. References: Nature Protocols; 2007, 2 (8): 1998-2004.
Q: Why are the concentrations of DSS used in different batches different?
A: DSS is a dextran polymer with average molecular weight. There is a difference in molecular weight between batches, and molecular weight has an influence on enteritis modeling. In general, DSS batches are relatively stable, but there are some large batch differences in some batches. Therefore, it is suggested that customers purchase enough quantity products of the same batch according to their own experimental requirements or conduct pre-experiments before changing batches.
Q: No significant weight loss was observed in 3% of DSS mice after 3 days?
A:It is normal for some animals to have a slow reaction time and even lose weight on the fifth day after drinking DSS. If no symptoms appear for 7 days, the experiment is repeated and the drinking concentration of DSS is suggested to increase by 0.5~1%.
Q: Why are the DSS concentrations different in different labs while the same batch of DSS and the same animal strain are used?
A: There are many factors affecting DSS modeling, among which the breeding environment of animals also has a great influence.
Q: Is it normal to have intestinal bleeding after DSS modeling?
A: Excessive drinking concentration of DSS will lead to intestinal bleeding. Mild intestinal bleeding has no significant effect. Excessive bleeding is suggested to reduce the concentration of DSS.
Q: After DSS drinking, weight loss was obvious, but there was no inflammation in HE staining of pathological sections. Why?
A: Only when drinking DSS reach a certain threshold can it successfully induce enteritis. If the threshold is not reached, weight loss can occur, but the pathology shows no inflammation.
Q: Why do animals with the same concentration of DSS in the second cycle of chronic enteritis model show less obvious symptoms than those in the first cycle?
A: DSS is tolerated by animals over a period of time, so symptoms decrease to normal during the second cycle.
Q: DNA was extracted from feces samples of DSS induced mice, and RNA extracted from colon tissues would contain DSS residue, which would inhibit downstream PCR. How to do with RT-PCR experiment?
A: Spermine can remove the inhibition of PCR by DSS. References: Journal of Microbiological Methods, 2018 Jan, 144:1-7.
Q: How to proceed modeling by gavage?
A: Give 2% of DSS solution to the stomach at 10:00 a.m., 14:00 p.m. and 18:00 p.m. respectively every day, 30ml/kg each time, no additional drinking water. Full amount of mixed formula granule feed was given after the last gavage every day, and the feed was taken away at 8:00 a.m. the next day. The modeling cycle time is 9 days. References: A comparative study of dextran sodium sulfate free drinking and quantitative gavage induced acute colitis model in mice, gastroenterology 2009,14 (1), 27-30.
Q: Is there any difference between Babl/ C and C57 in induction of enteritis?
A: There is a difference, C57 background is pure, induced enteritis is more stable. When using Babl/ C mice, preliminary experiments are suggested.
